ASTM E1192-1997(2008) 鱼类、大型无脊椎动物和两栖动物身上流出的含水物质进行剧毒试验的标准指南

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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingAcuteToxicityTestsonAqueousAmbientSamplesandEffluentswithFishes,Macroinvertebrates,andAmphibians
【原文标准名称】:鱼类、大型无脊椎动物和两栖动物身上流出的含水物质进行剧毒试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1192-1997(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:acutetoxicity;ambientsamples;amphibians;EC50;effluents;freshwaterfishes;freshwaterinvertebrates;LC50;saltwaterfishes;saltwaterinvertebrates;Lifecycle(ofaquaticorganisms);Macroinvertebrates;Samplingwateranalysisapplications;
【摘要】:Anacuteeffluenttoxicitytestisconductedtoobtaininformationconcerningtheimmediateeffectsontestorganismsofashort-termexposuretoaneffluentunderspecificexperimentalconditions.Onecandirectlyexamineacuteeffectsofcomplexmixturesofchemicalsasoccursineffluentsandsomeambientwaters.Acuteeffluenttoxicitytestscanbeusedtoevaluatethepotentialfordesignated-useoraquaticlifeimperimentinthereceivingstream,lake,orestuary.Anacutetoxicitytestdoesnotprovideinformationaboutwhetherdelayedeffectswilloccur,althoughapost-exposureobservationperiod,withappropriatefeedingifnecessary,mightprovidesuchinformation.Resultsofacuteeffluenttestsmightbeusedtopredictacuteeffectslikelytooccuronaquaticorganismsinfieldsituationsasaresultofexposureundercomparableconditions,exceptthat(1)motileorganismsmightavoidexposurewhenpossible,(2)toxicitytobenthicspeciesmightbedependentonsorptionorsettlingofcomponentsoftheeffluentontothesubstrate,and(3)theeffluentmightphysicallyorchemicallyinteractwiththereceivingwater.Resultsofacuteeffluenttestsmightbeusedtocomparetheacutesensitivitiesofdifferentspeciesandtheacutetoxicitiesofdifferenteffluents,andtostudytheeffectsofvariousenvironmentalfactorsonresultsofsuchtests.Acutetestsareusuallythefirststepinevaluatingtheeffectsofaneffluentonaquaticorganisms.Resultsofacuteeffluenttestswilldependonthetemperature,compositionofthedilutionwater,conditionofthetestorganisms,exposuretechnique,andotherfactors.1.1Thisguidecoversproceduresforobtaininglaboratorydataconcerningtheadverseeffectsofanaqueouseffluentoncertainspeciesoffreshwaterandsaltwaterfishes,macroinvertebrates,andamphibians,usuallyduring2to4-dayexposures,dependingonthespecies,usingthestatic,renewal,andflow-throughtechniques.Theseprocedureswillprobablybeusefulforconductingacutetoxicitytestsonaqueouseffluentswithmanyotheraquaticspecies,althoughmodificationsmightbenecessary.1.2Othermodificationsoftheseproceduresmightbejustifiedbyspecialneedsorcircumstances.Althoughusingappropriateproceduresismoreimportantthanfollowingprescribedprocedures,resultsoftestsconductedusingunusualproceduresarenotlikelytobecomparabletoresultsofmanyothertests.Comparisonofresultsobtainedusingmodifiedandunmodifiedversionsoftheseproceduresmightprovideusefulinformationconcerningnewconceptsandproceduresforconductingacutetoxicitytestsonaqueouseffluents.1.3ThisguideisbasedinlargepartonGuideE729.Themajordifferencesbetweenthetwoguidesare(1)themaximumtestconcentrationis100%effluentorambientsample,(2)testingisnotchemicalspecific,and(3)theholdingtimeofeffluentandambientsamplesisoftenconsiderablylessthanthatforchemicalsandothertestmaterials.Becausethesampleisoftenacomplexmixtureofchemicals,analyticaltestscannotgenerallybeusedtoconfirmexposureconcentrations.1.4Selectionofthetechniquetobeusedinaspecificsituationwilldependupontheneedsoftheinvestigatoranduponavailableresources.Statictestsprovidethemosteasilyobtainedmeasureofacutetoxicity,butshouldnotlastlongerthan48h.Renewalandflow-throughtestsmaylastlongerthan48hbecausethepHandconcentrationsofdissolvedoxygenandeffluentaremaintainedatdesiredlevelsanddegradationand......
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_70
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语